Derek Law

PActive

Bats/Throws: R/RAge: 36Born: Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesDebut: Apr 15, 2016Draft: 2011

Derek Law is a pitcher for the Arizona Diamondbacks. Law was born on September 14, 1990 in Pittsburgh, PA, United States and debuted in the major leagues on April 15, 2016. Law bats right and throws right. The San Francisco Giants drafted Law in 2011 (round 9, pick 297 overall) out of Miama Dade CC. In 2026, Law has an ERA of 1.00 with a WHIP of 1.11 and 5 strikeouts over 9.0 innings in 7 games. MLBDB has 7 seasons of statistics for Law, from 2018 to 2026.

ERA1.002026 season

SO52026 season

WHIP1.112026 season

Seasons7Arizona Diamondbacks

Pitching

7 seasons of pitching across 7 clubs. Club-specific splits are shown in lighter type.

Derek Law, season by season pitchingRegular season, oldest first
Season	Team	W	L	W-L%	ERA	G	GS	SV	IP	H	R	ER	HR	BB	SO	WHIP
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	1	0	1.000	7.43	7	0	0	13.1	16	13	11	2	8	12	1.80
2019TOR	TORToronto	1	2	.333	4.90	58	4	5	60.2	61	36	33	8	40	67	1.66
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	0	0	N/A	4.20	9	0	0	15.0	16	7	7	2	8	14	1.60
2022All	All teams	2	3	.400	4.12	17	0	0	19.2	23	13	9	3	8	17	1.58
2022DET	DETDetroit	0	1	.000	4.50	2	0	0	2.0	4	5	1	1	1	2	2.50
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	2	2	.500	4.08	15	0	0	17.2	19	8	8	2	7	15	1.47
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	4	6	.400	3.60	54	3	2	55.0	50	24	22	6	26	45	1.38
2024WSH	WSHWashington	7	4	.636	2.60	75	0	1	90.0	82	31	26	7	24	76	1.18
2026AZ	AZArizona	0	0	N/A	1.00	7	1	0	9.0	8	1	1	0	2	5	1.11

W: Wins.
L: Losses.
W-L%: Win-loss percentage. Formula: W ÷ (W + L).
ERA: Earned run average, earned runs per nine innings. Formula: 27 × ER ÷ outs recorded.
G: Games pitched.
GS: Games started.
SV: Saves.
IP: Innings pitched. .1 and .2 mean one and two outs.
H: Hits allowed.
R: Runs allowed, earned and unearned.
ER: Earned runs allowed.
HR: Home runs allowed.
BB: Walks allowed, including intentional walks.
SO: Strikeouts.
WHIP: Walks plus hits per inning pitched. Formula: 3 × (BB + H) ÷ outs recorded.

Derek Law, starts and relief by seasonRegular season, oldest first
Season	Team	GS	QS%	GF	SV	SVO	BS	HLD	SV+HLD	IR	IRS	IS%
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	0	N/A	4	0	0	0	0	0	8	5	62.5%
2019TOR	TORToronto	4	0.0%	18	5	6	1	8	13	24	11	45.8%
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	0	N/A	4	0	0	0	0	0	11	8	72.7%
2022All	All teams	0	N/A	2	0	1	1	3	3	8	3	37.5%
2022DET	DETDetroit	0	N/A	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	N/A
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	0	N/A	1	0	0	0	3	3	8	3	37.5%
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	3	0.0%	13	2	4	2	3	5	26	2	7.7%
2024WSH	WSHWashington	0	N/A	8	1	6	5	17	18	36	23	63.9%
2026AZ	AZArizona	1	0.0%	1	0	0	0	0	0	3	2	66.7%

GS: Games started.
CG: Complete games, starts in which the pitcher pitched the whole game.
SHO: Shutouts, complete games with no runs allowed.
QS: Quality starts, starts of at least six innings with three or fewer earned runs.
QS%: Quality-start rate. Formula: 100 × QS ÷ GS.
GF: Games finished, relief appearances as the team's last pitcher of the game.
SV: Saves.
SVO: Save opportunities.
BS: Blown saves.
HLD: Holds.
SV+HLD: Saves plus holds.
IR: Inherited runners, runners on base when the pitcher came in from the bullpen.
IRS: Inherited runners who scored.
IS%: Share of inherited runners who scored. Formula: 100 × IRS ÷ IR.

Derek Law, expanded pitching by seasonRegular season, oldest first
Season	Team	IP	BF	IBB	HBP	WP	SB	CS	CS%	Pick	RA9	H/9	HR/9	BB/9	K/9	K/BB	Strike%
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	13.1	66	0	1	1	1	0	0.0%	0	8.78	10.80	1.35	5.40	8.10	1.50	58.2%
2019TOR	TORToronto	60.2	285	3	3	7	4	4	50.0%	1	5.34	9.05	1.19	5.93	9.94	1.68	60.0%
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	15.0	67	0	0	1	1	0	0.0%	0	4.20	9.60	1.20	4.80	8.40	1.75	62.3%
2022All	All teams	19.2	92	0	2	1	1	0	0.0%	0	5.95	10.53	1.37	3.66	7.78	2.13	63.9%
2022DET	DETDetroit	2.0	13	0	1	1	1	0	0.0%	0	22.50	18.00	4.50	4.50	9.00	2.00	61.8%
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	17.2	79	0	1	0	0	0	N/A	0	4.08	9.68	1.02	3.57	7.64	2.14	64.3%
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	55.0	240	0	3	5	5	1	16.7%	0	3.93	8.18	0.98	4.25	7.36	1.73	61.9%
2024WSH	WSHWashington	90.0	365	0	1	6	7	1	12.5%	0	3.10	8.20	0.70	2.40	7.60	3.17	64.9%
2026AZ	AZArizona	9.0	34	0	1	0	0	1	100.0%	N/A	1.00	8.00	0.00	2.00	5.00	2.50	58.1%

IP: Innings pitched. .1 and .2 mean one and two outs.
BF: Batters faced.
IBB: Intentional walks.
HBP: Batters hit by a pitch.
BK: Balks.
WP: Wild pitches.
SB: Stolen bases allowed.
CS: Runners caught stealing.
CS%: Caught-stealing rate. Formula: 100 × CS ÷ (SB + CS).
Pick: Runners picked off.
RA9: Runs allowed per nine innings, earned and unearned. Formula: 27 × R ÷ outs recorded.
H/9: Hits allowed per nine innings. Formula: 27 × H ÷ outs recorded.
HR/9: Home runs allowed per nine innings. Formula: 27 × HR ÷ outs recorded.
BB/9: Walks allowed per nine innings. Formula: 27 × BB ÷ outs recorded.
K/9: Strikeouts per nine innings. Formula: 27 × SO ÷ outs recorded.
K/BB: Strikeouts per walk. Formula: SO ÷ BB.
Strike%: Strike rate. Strikes include fouls and balls put in play. Formula: 100 × strikes ÷ pitches.

Derek Law, advanced pitching by seasonRegular season, oldest first
Season	Team	IP	BF	ERA	FIP	BABIP	K%	BB%	K−BB%	HR%	Opp AVG	Opp OBP	Opp SLG	Opp OPS
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	13.1	66	7.43	5.34	.326	18.2%	12.1%	6.1%	3.0%	.286	.379	.482	.861
2019TOR	TORToronto	60.2	285	4.90	4.85	.321	23.5%	14.0%	9.5%	2.8%	.256	.367	.437	.804
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	15.0	67	4.20	4.64	.326	20.9%	11.9%	9.0%	3.0%	.276	.358	.466	.824
2022All	All teams	19.2	92	4.12	4.89	.328	18.5%	8.7%	9.8%	3.3%	.291	.363	.468	.831
2022DET	DETDetroit	2.0	13	4.50	10.61	.375	15.4%	7.7%	7.7%	7.7%	.444	.462	.778	1.239
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	17.2	79	4.08	4.24	.321	19.0%	8.9%	10.1%	2.5%	.271	.346	.429	.775
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	55.0	240	3.60	4.62	.278	18.8%	10.8%	7.9%	2.5%	.239	.332	.364	.696
2024WSH	WSHWashington	90.0	365	2.60	3.32	.293	20.8%	6.6%	14.2%	1.9%	.246	.294	.348	.642
2026AZ	AZArizona	9.0	34	1.00	2.99	.308	14.7%	5.9%	8.8%	0.0%	.267	.324	.333	.657

IP: Innings pitched. .1 and .2 mean one and two outs.
BF: Batters faced.
ERA: Earned run average, earned runs per nine innings. Formula: 27 × ER ÷ outs recorded.
FIP: Fielding Independent Pitching. Estimates pitching performance from home runs, walks, hit batters and strikeouts on an ERA-like scale. Uses the matching season's constant, includes intentional walks and can be negative in a small sample. Formula: [13 × HR + 3 × (BB + HBP) − 2 × SO] ÷ IP + season FIP constant.
BABIP: Pitcher Batting Average on Balls in Play. Hits allowed on balls in play, excluding home runs. Defense and contact quality affect this measure; it does not isolate a pitcher's skill. Formula: (H − HR) ÷ (AB − SO − HR + SF).
K%: Pitching Strikeout Percentage. The percentage of batters faced who strike out. Formula: 100 × SO ÷ BF.
BB%: Pitching Walk Percentage. The percentage of batters faced who walk, including intentional walks. Formula: 100 × BB ÷ BF.
K−BB%: Strikeout Minus Walk Percentage. Strikeout percentage minus walk percentage, expressed as percentage points. It compares strikeouts with walks at the same workload. Formula: 100 × (SO − BB) ÷ BF.
HR%: Home runs per batter faced. Formula: 100 × HR ÷ BF.
Opp AVG: Opponents' batting average. Formula: H ÷ AB.
Opp OBP: Opponents' on-base percentage. Formula: (H + BB + HBP) ÷ (AB + BB + HBP + SF).
Opp SLG: Opponents' slugging percentage. Formula: TB ÷ AB.
Opp OPS: Opponents' on-base plus slugging. Formula: OBP + SLG.

Read advanced measures alongside playing time. N/A means the required inputs or season calculations are unavailable.

Advanced calculation notes by season

Hitting

4 seasons of hitting across 4 clubs. Season totals, oldest first. The team shown identifies the player's club when the totals were recorded.

Derek Law, season by season hittingRegular season, oldest first
Season	Team	G	PA	AB	R	H	AVG	OBP	SLG	OPS
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	7	1	1	1	1	1.000	1.000	1.000	2.000
2019TOR	TORToronto	58	0	0	0	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	54	0	0	0	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
2024WSH	WSHWashington	75	0	0	0	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

G: Games played in any role, including games spent only pitching or running the bases.
PA: Plate appearances. Completed turns at the plate, including walks, hit-by-pitches and sacrifices.
AB: At bats. Plate appearances that count toward batting average; walks, hit-by-pitches, sacrifices and catcher's interference are left out.
R: Runs scored.
H: Hits.
2B: Doubles.
3B: Triples.
HR: Home runs.
RBI: Runs batted in.
SB: Stolen bases.
BB: Walks, including intentional walks.
SO: Strikeouts.
AVG: Batting average. Formula: H ÷ AB.
OBP: On-base percentage. Formula: (H + BB + HBP) ÷ (AB + BB + HBP + SF).
SLG: Slugging percentage, total bases per at bat. Formula: TB ÷ AB.
OPS: On-base plus slugging. Formula: OBP + SLG.

Fielding

7 seasons of fielding across 7 clubs. Club-specific splits are shown in lighter type. Games at different positions can overlap.

Derek Law, fielding by seasonRegular season, oldest first
Season	Team	Pos	G	GS	INN	TC	PO	A	E	DP	FLD%	RF/9	RF/G
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	P	7	0	13.1	2	1	1	0	0	1.000	1.35	0.29
2019TOR	TORToronto	P	58	4	60.2	17	3	12	2	0	.882	2.23	0.26
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	P	9	0	15.0	2	1	1	0	0	1.000	1.20	0.22
2022All	All teams	P	17	0	19.2	5	2	2	1	1	.800	1.83	0.24
2022DET	DETDetroit	P	2	0	2.0	1	0	0	1	0	.000	0.00	0.00
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	P	15	0	17.2	4	2	2	0	1	1.000	2.04	0.27
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	P	54	3	55.0	6	1	5	0	0	1.000	0.98	0.11
2024WSH	WSHWashington	P	75	0	90.0	10	4	6	0	2	1.000	1.00	0.13
2026AZ	AZArizona	P	7	1	9.0	0	0	0	0	0	N/A	0.00	0.00

Pos: Position played. DH is designated hitter.
G: Games played at the position.
GS: Games started at the position.
INN: Innings in the field at the position. .1 and .2 mean one and two outs.
TC: Total chances. Formula: PO + A + E.
PO: Putouts.
A: Assists.
E: Errors.
DP: Double plays turned.
FLD%: Fielding percentage. Formula: (PO + A) ÷ TC.
RF/9: Range factor per nine innings. Formula: 27 × (PO + A) ÷ outs in the field.
RF/G: Range factor per game. Formula: (PO + A) ÷ G.

Pitch data

Recorded measurements and MLBDB estimates from the pitches thrown and the balls put in play against this pitcher. Each table's note says which.

MLBDB calculates these numbers from recorded game measurements. EV balls and LA balls show the sample sizes. EV+LA balls have both measurements and are used for barrel percentage. Seasons without these measurements show N/A.

Derek Law, pitching by season: contactRegular season, oldest first
Season	Team	BBE	EV+LA balls	MLBDB barrels	MLBDB Barrel%	EV balls	Avg EV balls	Avg EV	Max EV	Hard-hit%	LA balls	Avg LA balls	Avg LA	Sweet-spot%
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	45	42	3	7.1%	42	42	89.1	115.5	28.6%	42	42	13.9	40.5%
2019TOR	TORToronto	175	160	8	5.0%	160	158	90.1	113.7	41.9%	160	158	8.2	38.1%
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	45	44	4	9.1%	44	44	89.9	109.3	43.2%	44	44	10.8	40.9%
2022All	All teams	65	65	6	9.2%	65	64	84.7	109.5	29.2%	65	64	7.6	35.4%
2022DET	DETDetroit	9	9	1	11.1%	9	9	93.4	109.5	55.6%	9	9	9.9	44.4%
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	56	56	5	8.9%	56	55	83.3	109.2	25.0%	56	55	7.2	33.9%
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	166	164	8	4.9%	164	160	87.0	110.6	32.9%	164	160	14.2	40.2%
2024WSH	WSHWashington	264	264	10	3.8%	264	262	88.2	110.0	35.2%	264	262	9.0	34.8%
2026AZ	AZArizona	26	26	1	3.8%	26	26	89.2	104.4	42.3%	26	26	4.0	50.0%

BBE: Batted Balls Allowed. Completed turns to bat that ended with a batted ball, including home runs. Some balls have no speed or angle measurement.
EV+LA balls: Balls with Recorded Speed and Angle Allowed. Balls that have both a usable speed and angle measurement. These are the balls used to calculate barrel percentage.
MLBDB barrels: MLBDB Barrels Allowed. Balls hit very hard at an angle suited to deep hits. MLBDB checks the recorded speed and angle against its documented barrel zone. Balls missing either measurement are left out. Rounded measurements can affect close calls. This is MLBDB's calculated classification.
MLBDB Barrel%: MLBDB Barrel Percentage Allowed. The percentage of balls with both speed and angle recorded that MLBDB counts as barrels. Missing measurements are left out. Formula: 100 × barrels ÷ balls with recorded speed and angle.
EV balls: Balls with Recorded Speed Allowed. All batted balls with a usable speed measurement, including bunts. This is the sample used for hard-hit percentage.
Avg EV balls: Average Exit Velocity Sample Allowed. Balls with recorded speed, excluding labelled bunts. Used for average and maximum exit velocity.
Avg EV: Average Exit Velocity Allowed. Average ball speed just after contact, in miles per hour. Balls with no speed measurement are left out. Balls labelled as bunts are excluded. Unknown bunt labels are retained. Formula: Sum of recorded speeds excluding labelled bunts ÷ Avg EV balls.
Max EV: Maximum Exit Velocity Allowed. The fastest recorded batted ball, in miles per hour. Balls labelled as bunts are excluded. Unknown bunt labels are retained.
Hard-hit%: Hard-Hit Percentage Allowed. The percentage of speed-measured balls hit at least 95 miles per hour. Formula: 100 × hard-hit balls ÷ balls with recorded speed.
LA balls: Balls with Recorded Angle Allowed. All batted balls with a usable angle measurement, including bunts. This is the sample used for sweet-spot percentage.
Avg LA balls: Average Launch Angle Sample Allowed. Balls with recorded angle, excluding labelled bunts. Used for average launch angle.
Avg LA: Average Launch Angle Allowed. Average angle at which the ball leaves the bat, in degrees. A negative angle points toward the ground. Higher is not always better. Balls labelled as bunts are excluded. Unknown bunt labels are retained. Formula: Sum of recorded angles excluding labelled bunts ÷ Avg LA balls.
Sweet-spot%: Sweet-Spot Percentage Allowed. The percentage of angle-measured balls launched from 8 to 32 degrees. Formula: 100 × sweet-spot balls ÷ balls with recorded angle.

Direction is estimated from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on each play. Rates divide by Located balls and show N/A below 95% location coverage. Unmapped balls are left out. Higher is not always better.

Derek Law, pitching by season: hit directionRegular season, oldest first
Season	Team	Located balls	Location coverage	Pull%	Center%	Oppo%	Pull balls	Center balls	Oppo balls
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	45	100.0%	40.0%	26.7%	33.3%	18	12	15
2019TOR	TORToronto	175	100.0%	39.4%	38.9%	21.7%	69	68	38
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	45	100.0%	37.8%	37.8%	24.4%	17	17	11
2022All	All teams	65	100.0%	32.3%	43.1%	24.6%	21	28	16
2022DET	DETDetroit	9	100.0%	11.1%	55.6%	33.3%	1	5	3
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	56	100.0%	35.7%	41.1%	23.2%	20	23	13
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	166	100.0%	35.5%	36.7%	27.7%	59	61	46
2024WSH	WSHWashington	264	100.0%	39.0%	39.8%	21.2%	103	105	56
2026AZ	AZArizona	26	100.0%	61.5%	26.9%	11.5%	16	7	3

Located balls: Opponents' Balls with Usable Hit Locations. Balls whose recorded location and batting hand support an estimate of pull, center or opposite-field direction.
Location coverage: Opponents' Hit-Location Coverage. The share of all balls that can be mapped. A rounded 95% can be slightly below the cutoff; the cutoff uses the original counts. Formula: 100 × located balls ÷ all batted balls.
Pull%: Opponents' Estimated Pull Percentage. The share of located balls hit toward the batter's pull side. Uses located balls only. N/A when fewer than 95% of all balls can be mapped. These are chart-based estimates. Formula: 100 × pulled balls ÷ located balls.
Center%: Opponents' Estimated Center-Field Percentage. The share of located balls estimated toward center field. Uses located balls only. N/A when fewer than 95% of all balls can be mapped. These are chart-based estimates. Formula: 100 × center-field balls ÷ located balls.
Oppo%: Opponents' Estimated Opposite-Field Percentage. The share of located balls hit toward the side opposite the batter's pull side. Uses located balls only. N/A when fewer than 95% of all balls can be mapped. These are chart-based estimates. Formula: 100 × opposite-field balls ÷ located balls.
Pull balls: Opponents' Estimated Pulled Balls. Balls estimated toward the pull side: left field for right-handed hitters, or right field for left-handed hitters.
Center balls: Opponents' Estimated Balls to Center. Balls estimated toward center field, regardless of batting hand.
Oppo balls: Opponents' Estimated Opposite-Field Balls. Balls estimated toward the opposite side: right field for right-handed hitters, or left field for left-handed hitters.
Unmapped balls: Opponents' Balls with Unusable Hit Locations. Balls with missing details, unusable coordinates or locations outside the field area used for these estimates. They are excluded from direction percentages.

Pitches counts every pitch actually thrown; automatic balls and strikes are left out. Swings include bunt attempts, and caught foul tips count as whiffs. Whiff% divides misses by swings; SwStr% divides misses by pitches. Zone rates need a recorded location for at least 95% of pitches. Missing results show N/A. For 2018 through 2024, inside or outside the zone is an MLBDB estimate from recorded pitch locations and batter zone heights; from 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used.

Derek Law, pitching by season: pitch disciplineRegular season, oldest first
Season	Team	Pitches	Swings	Whiff%	SwStr%	Contact%	Swing%	Chase%	Zone%	Z-Swing%	Z-Contact%	O-Contact%	First delivered strike%	Called%	CSW%	Zone coverage
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	256	102	30.4%	12.1%	69.6%	39.8%	21.7%	46.1%	61.0%	81.9%	40.0%	59.1%	18.4%	30.5%	100.0%
2019TOR	TORToronto	1194	503	30.2%	12.7%	69.8%	42.1%	25.6%	44.0%	63.2%	81.3%	47.4%	59.7%	17.8%	30.6%	100.0%
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	292	140	34.3%	16.4%	65.7%	47.9%	29.0%	44.5%	71.5%	77.4%	42.6%	58.2%	14.4%	30.8%	100.0%
2022All	All teams	352	161	24.2%	11.1%	75.8%	45.7%	33.8%	42.9%	61.6%	84.9%	63.2%	64.1%	18.2%	29.3%	100.0%
2022DET	DETDetroit	55	26	38.5%	18.2%	61.5%	47.3%	27.6%	47.3%	69.2%	66.7%	50.0%	53.8%	14.5%	32.7%	100.0%
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	297	135	21.5%	9.8%	78.5%	45.5%	34.9%	42.1%	60.0%	89.3%	65.0%	65.8%	18.9%	28.6%	100.0%
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	959	458	27.1%	12.9%	72.9%	47.8%	29.2%	47.1%	68.6%	81.3%	55.4%	63.1%	14.2%	27.1%	100.0%
2024WSH	WSHWashington	1368	683	28.6%	14.3%	71.4%	49.9%	34.2%	46.9%	67.8%	83.9%	49.6%	61.1%	15.0%	29.2%	100.0%
2026AZ	AZArizona	155	68	20.6%	9.0%	79.4%	43.9%	30.2%	38.1%	66.1%	89.7%	65.5%	45.7%	14.2%	23.2%	100.0%

Pitches: Opponents' Delivered Pitches. Pitches actually thrown to the batter in these completed games. Automatic balls and strikes are excluded.
Swings: Opponents' Swings. Attempts to hit a delivered pitch, including bunts.
Whiff%: Opponents' Whiff Percentage. How often a swing is recorded as a miss, including caught foul tips. This divides whiffs by swings. Formula: 100 × swings and misses ÷ swings.
SwStr%: Opponents' Swinging-Strike Percentage. How often a delivered pitch produces a whiff, including caught foul tips. This divides whiffs by pitches, not swings. Formula: 100 × swings and misses ÷ delivered pitches.
Contact%: Opponents' Contact Percentage. How often a swing touches the ball, including ordinary fouls and bunt attempts. Caught foul tips are excluded. Formula: 100 × swings with contact ÷ swings.
Swing%: Opponents' Swing Percentage. How often the batter swings at a delivered pitch. Formula: 100 × swings ÷ delivered pitches.
Chase%: Opponents' Chase Percentage. How often the batter swings at a pitch outside the strike zone. Also called O-Swing%. Formula: 100 × swings outside the zone ÷ pitches outside the zone.
Zone%: Opponents' Strike-Zone Percentage. The share of pitches with usable locations that are inside the strike zone. Formula: 100 × pitches inside the zone ÷ pitches with usable locations.
Z-Swing%: Opponents' Swing Percentage Inside the Zone. How often the batter swings at a pitch inside the strike zone. Formula: 100 × swings inside the zone ÷ pitches inside the zone.
Z-Contact%: Opponents' Contact Percentage Inside the Zone. How often a swing at a pitch inside the strike zone touches the ball. Formula: 100 × contact inside the zone ÷ swings inside the zone.
O-Contact%: Opponents' Contact Percentage Outside the Zone. How often a swing at a pitch outside the strike zone touches the ball. Formula: 100 × contact outside the zone ÷ swings outside the zone.
First delivered strike%: Opponents' First Delivered Pitch Strike Rate. The share of first delivered pitches that are strikes or put in play. Turns with no delivered pitch are excluded. Unfinished turns that had a pitch are included. Formula: 100 × first-pitch strikes ÷ first delivered pitches.
Called%: Opponents' Called-Strike Percentage. How often a delivered pitch is called a strike without a swing. Formula: 100 × called strikes ÷ delivered pitches.
CSW%: Opponents' Called Strikes and Whiffs. How often a delivered pitch is either a called strike or a swing and miss. Ordinary fouls are excluded; caught foul tips count as whiffs. Formula: 100 × called strikes plus misses ÷ delivered pitches.
Zone coverage: Opponents' Pitch-Location Coverage. The share of delivered pitches with a usable location. Zone rates need at least 95% coverage, checked before rounding.

MLBDB estimates these from recorded ball speed and angle, for seasons from 2018. A season or period shows N/A if any batted ball it needs is missing a measurement or falls outside what the model covers. That is common over a full season, and in 2018 and 2019 no regular player has complete measurements. Estimated ERA also needs the estimated wOBA to be inside the range its equation was checked on; the 2026 equation is provisional. Differences use actual results from the same completed games. These describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Derek Law, pitching by season: expectedRegular season, oldest first
Season	Team	IP	ERA	MLBDB xERA	ERA − MLBDB xERA	Model balls	Measured%	MLBDB xBA	AVG − MLBDB xBA	MLBDB xSLG	SLG − MLBDB xSLG	MLBDB xwOBA	wOBA − MLBDB xwOBA	Missing pairs
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	13.1	7.43	N/A	N/A	42	93.3%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	3
2019TOR	TORToronto	60.2	4.90	N/A	N/A	160	91.4%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	15
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	15.0	4.20	N/A	N/A	44	97.8%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1
2022All	All teams	19.2	4.12	4.66	-0.54	65	100.0%	.267	0.024	.416	0.052	.336	0.024	0
2022DET	DETDetroit	2.0	4.50	N/A	N/A	9	100.0%	.372	0.072	.758	0.020	.461	0.011	0
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	17.2	4.08	4.04	0.03	56	100.0%	.254	0.017	.372	0.056	.315	0.026	0
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	55.0	3.60	N/A	N/A	164	98.8%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	2
2024WSH	WSHWashington	90.0	2.60	3.72	-1.12	264	100.0%	.257	-0.011	.369	-0.020	.303	-0.021	0
2026AZ	AZArizona	9.0	1.00	5.75	-4.75	26	100.0%	.316	-0.049	.459	-0.126	.362	-0.069	0

IP: Innings pitched. .1 and .2 mean one and two outs.
ERA: Earned run average, earned runs per nine innings. Formula: 27 × ER ÷ outs recorded.
MLBDB xERA: MLBDB Estimated ERA. Estimated earned runs per nine innings, converted from MLBDB's expected wOBA with a separate equation for each season. Available for 2018 through 2026 when every needed contact contribution is available and unrounded expected wOBA is within the reviewed range. The 2026 equation is provisional. This describes recorded pitching; short periods can be unstable or N/A.
ERA − MLBDB xERA: ERA Minus MLBDB Estimate. Recorded ERA minus MLBDB's estimate, using the same completed games. A positive number means more earned runs were recorded than estimated. This does not measure luck alone. N/A when no pitching outs were recorded, the estimate is unavailable, or the saved game totals disagree with the latest totals.
Model balls: Opponents' Measured Balls Used in Estimates. Eligible batted balls with both speed and angle recorded. Defensive awards that do not count as at-bats are excluded.
Measured%: Opponents' Expected-Stat Measurement Coverage. The share of eligible batted balls with both speed and angle recorded. Each expected statistic shows N/A if any contact value it needs is missing or outside model support.
MLBDB xBA: Opponents' MLBDB Expected Batting Average. Estimated hits per at-bat from ball speed, angle and same-season running speed when available. Strikeouts remain at-bats. Each needed contact contribution must be available. Reviewed seasons are 2018 through 2026; the current season is provisional. Formula: Estimated hits in at-bats ÷ at-bats.
AVG − MLBDB xBA: Opponents' Batting Average Minus Expected. Recorded batting average minus the estimate, using the same completed games. A positive number means the actual result was higher. This does not measure luck alone.
MLBDB xSLG: Opponents' MLBDB Expected Slugging Percentage. Estimated bases from hits per at-bat. Singles count once, doubles twice, triples three times and home runs four times. Formula: Estimated total bases in at-bats ÷ at-bats.
SLG − MLBDB xSLG: Opponents' Slugging Minus Expected. Recorded slugging minus the estimate, using the same completed games. A positive number means more bases were recorded than estimated.
MLBDB xwOBA: Opponents' MLBDB Expected Weighted Batting Average. Combines reconstructed expected contact values with recorded walks and hit-by-pitches. Walks and hit batters use the same season's batting weights. Intentional walks are excluded. Every needed contact value must be available.
wOBA − MLBDB xwOBA: Opponents' Weighted Average Minus Expected. Recorded weighted batting average minus the estimate, using the same completed games and batting weights.
Missing pairs: Opponents' Balls with Incomplete Measurements. Eligible balls missing speed, angle or both. These inputs are not filled in. The affected expected statistic is N/A, and the real appearance remains counted.

Usage shows each pitch type thrown as a share of all pitches. Pitches without a recognized type stay in the total.

Derek Law, pitching by season: pitch mixRegular season, oldest first
Season	Team	All pitches	FF %	SI %	FC %	SL %	CU %	CH %	Unknown	Type coverage
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	256	51.6%	0.0%	0.0%	29.7%	13.3%	5.5%	0	100.0%
2019TOR	TORToronto	1194	36.7%	0.0%	0.0%	30.5%	19.8%	12.9%	1	99.9%
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	292	22.6%	5.1%	2.7%	55.8%	9.9%	3.8%	0	100.0%
2022All	All teams	352	8.8%	14.5%	50.3%	11.1%	12.5%	2.8%	0	100.0%
2022DET	DETDetroit	55	12.7%	10.9%	58.2%	5.5%	10.9%	1.8%	0	100.0%
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	297	8.1%	15.2%	48.8%	12.1%	12.8%	3.0%	0	100.0%
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	959	19.4%	11.7%	35.6%	18.1%	10.4%	4.8%	0	100.0%
2024WSH	WSHWashington	1368	13.5%	9.9%	37.6%	30.3%	3.6%	5.1%	0	100.0%
2026AZ	AZArizona	155	18.7%	5.2%	38.7%	28.4%	0.6%	8.4%	0	100.0%

All pitches: Arsenal Pitches. All pitches actually thrown in the checked games. Automatic balls, automatic strikes and pickoff throws are excluded.
FF %: Four-seam fastball usage, the share of all pitches.
SI %: Sinker usage, the share of all pitches.
FC %: Cutter usage, the share of all pitches.
SL %: Slider usage, the share of all pitches.
CU %: Curveball usage, the share of all pitches.
CH %: Changeup usage, the share of all pitches.
Unknown: Pitches with Unknown Type. Pitches without a recognized type label. They remain in the total used for pitch usage percentages.
Type coverage: Pitch Type Coverage. The percentage of delivered pitches with a recognized type label. Pitch labels can be revised later. Missing labels are never guessed. Formula: 100 × pitches with a recognized type ÷ all delivered pitches.

Pitch type

Movement is in inches. Sideways: positive is to the pitcher's right, negative is left, when looking toward home plate. Vertical: positive is upward, negative is downward from the initial flight direction. No-grav removes gravity's effect; it does not mean the ball rose. Counts show how many pitches were measured.

Derek Law, pitching by season: four-seam fastball (FF)Regular season, oldest first
Season	Team	FF pitches	FF %	FF mph	FF max mph	FF rpm	FF ext ft	FF side in	FF vert in	FF no-grav in	FF whiff%	FF swings	FF speed count	FF spin count	FF ext count	FF side count	FF vert count	FF no-grav count	Type coverage
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	132	51.6%	93.7	97.1	2152	6.4	3.6	-17.3	13.7	13.0%	54	132	132	132	132	132	132	100.0%
2019TOR	TORToronto	438	36.7%	94.0	97.2	2132	6.5	3.2	-15.9	14.7	12.3%	179	438	438	438	438	438	438	99.9%
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	66	22.6%	93.7	96.4	2128	6.6	4.4	-14.5	16.7	16.7%	30	66	66	66	66	66	66	100.0%
2022All	All teams	31	8.8%	95.1	97.7	2089	6.6	5.6	-15.1	15.1	28.6%	14	31	31	31	31	31	31	100.0%
2022DET	DETDetroit	7	12.7%	95.1	95.9	2139	6.4	4.8	-13.6	16.5	66.7%	3	7	7	7	7	7	7	100.0%
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	24	8.1%	95.1	97.7	2074	6.6	5.9	-15.6	14.7	18.2%	11	24	24	24	24	24	24	100.0%
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	186	19.4%	95.5	98.9	2134	6.5	4.7	-13.9	16.1	30.3%	99	186	185	186	186	186	186	100.0%
2024WSH	WSHWashington	185	13.5%	95.1	98.5	2111	6.5	3.9	-13.6	16.6	18.6%	97	185	184	185	185	185	185	100.0%
2026AZ	AZArizona	29	18.7%	93.2	95.1	2087	6.4	3.4	-15.3	16.4	15.4%	13	29	29	29	29	29	29	100.0%

FF pitches: Four-seam fastball pitches. Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label.
FF %: Four-seam fastball usage. The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches.
FF mph: Four-seam fastball average speed. Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements.
FF max mph: Four-seam fastball fastest recorded pitch. Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured.
FF rpm: Four-seam fastball average spin. How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements.
FF ext ft: Four-seam fastball average extension. How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements.
FF side in: Four-seam fastball average sideways movement. Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured.
FF vert in: Four-seam fastball average vertical movement with gravity. Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement.
FF no-grav in: Four-seam fastball average vertical movement without gravity. Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement.
FF whiff%: Four-seam fastball misses per swing. The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type.
FF swings: Four-seam fastball swings. Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts.
FF speed count: Four-seam fastball pitches with speed. Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed.
FF spin count: Four-seam fastball pitches with spin. Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin.
FF ext count: Four-seam fastball pitches with extension. Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension.
FF side count: Four-seam fastball pitches with sideways movement. Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
FF vert count: Four-seam fastball pitches with vertical movement. Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
FF no-grav count: Four-seam fastball pitches with vertical movement without gravity. Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
Type coverage: Pitch Type Coverage. The percentage of delivered pitches with a recognized type label. Pitch labels can be revised later. Missing labels are never guessed. Formula: 100 × pitches with a recognized type ÷ all delivered pitches.

Derek Law, pitching by season: sinker (SI)Regular season, oldest first
Season	Team	SI pitches	SI %	SI mph	SI max mph	SI rpm	SI ext ft	SI side in	SI vert in	SI no-grav in	SI whiff%	SI swings	SI speed count	SI spin count	SI ext count	SI side count	SI vert count	SI no-grav count	Type coverage
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	0	0.0%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100.0%
2019TOR	TORToronto	0	0.0%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	99.9%
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	15	5.1%	93.7	96.3	2162	6.5	15.0	-18.1	13.1	33.3%	9	15	15	15	15	15	15	100.0%
2022All	All teams	51	14.5%	94.8	97.3	1999	6.6	12.2	-19.3	11.2	11.1%	27	51	50	51	51	51	51	100.0%
2022DET	DETDetroit	6	10.9%	96.3	97.3	2063	6.5	11.4	-16.7	12.6	33.3%	3	6	6	6	6	6	6	100.0%
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	45	15.2%	94.6	96.5	1990	6.6	12.4	-19.6	11.0	8.3%	24	45	44	45	45	45	45	100.0%
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	112	11.7%	95.1	97.3	2158	6.5	12.7	-17.6	12.6	18.6%	59	112	112	112	112	112	112	100.0%
2024WSH	WSHWashington	135	9.9%	94.7	98.2	2097	6.5	12.9	-17.7	12.7	13.2%	68	135	134	135	135	135	135	100.0%
2026AZ	AZArizona	8	5.2%	94.0	95.3	2116	6.5	11.7	-16.9	14.1	40.0%	5	8	8	8	8	8	8	100.0%

SI pitches: Sinker pitches. Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label.
SI %: Sinker usage. The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches.
SI mph: Sinker average speed. Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements.
SI max mph: Sinker fastest recorded pitch. Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured.
SI rpm: Sinker average spin. How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements.
SI ext ft: Sinker average extension. How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements.
SI side in: Sinker average sideways movement. Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured.
SI vert in: Sinker average vertical movement with gravity. Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement.
SI no-grav in: Sinker average vertical movement without gravity. Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement.
SI whiff%: Sinker misses per swing. The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type.
SI swings: Sinker swings. Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts.
SI speed count: Sinker pitches with speed. Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed.
SI spin count: Sinker pitches with spin. Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin.
SI ext count: Sinker pitches with extension. Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension.
SI side count: Sinker pitches with sideways movement. Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
SI vert count: Sinker pitches with vertical movement. Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
SI no-grav count: Sinker pitches with vertical movement without gravity. Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
Type coverage: Pitch Type Coverage. The percentage of delivered pitches with a recognized type label. Pitch labels can be revised later. Missing labels are never guessed. Formula: 100 × pitches with a recognized type ÷ all delivered pitches.

Derek Law, pitching by season: cutter (FC)Regular season, oldest first
Season	Team	FC pitches	FC %	FC mph	FC max mph	FC rpm	FC ext ft	FC side in	FC vert in	FC no-grav in	FC whiff%	FC swings	FC speed count	FC spin count	FC ext count	FC side count	FC vert count	FC no-grav count	Type coverage
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	0	0.0%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	100.0%
2019TOR	TORToronto	0	0.0%	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	99.9%
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	8	2.7%	90.1	91.8	2353	6.5	-3.5	-27.0	6.9	0.0%	3	8	8	8	8	8	8	100.0%
2022All	All teams	177	50.3%	90.7	94.3	2366	6.5	-3.6	-27.0	6.1	25.9%	85	177	177	177	177	177	177	100.0%
2022DET	DETDetroit	32	58.2%	91.1	93.3	2385	6.4	-3.2	-27.2	5.6	26.7%	15	32	32	32	32	32	32	100.0%
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	145	48.8%	90.6	94.3	2362	6.5	-3.7	-26.9	6.2	25.7%	70	145	145	145	145	145	145	100.0%
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	341	35.6%	92.1	96.4	2363	6.5	-2.4	-23.6	8.5	22.5%	151	341	337	341	341	341	341	100.0%
2024WSH	WSHWashington	515	37.6%	91.5	96.2	2288	6.5	-2.2	-23.5	8.9	26.7%	240	515	513	515	515	515	515	100.0%
2026AZ	AZArizona	60	38.7%	89.7	92.1	2255	6.4	-3.0	-26.1	7.7	19.2%	26	60	60	60	60	60	60	100.0%

FC pitches: Cutter pitches. Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label.
FC %: Cutter usage. The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches.
FC mph: Cutter average speed. Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements.
FC max mph: Cutter fastest recorded pitch. Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured.
FC rpm: Cutter average spin. How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements.
FC ext ft: Cutter average extension. How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements.
FC side in: Cutter average sideways movement. Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured.
FC vert in: Cutter average vertical movement with gravity. Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement.
FC no-grav in: Cutter average vertical movement without gravity. Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement.
FC whiff%: Cutter misses per swing. The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type.
FC swings: Cutter swings. Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts.
FC speed count: Cutter pitches with speed. Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed.
FC spin count: Cutter pitches with spin. Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin.
FC ext count: Cutter pitches with extension. Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension.
FC side count: Cutter pitches with sideways movement. Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
FC vert count: Cutter pitches with vertical movement. Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
FC no-grav count: Cutter pitches with vertical movement without gravity. Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
Type coverage: Pitch Type Coverage. The percentage of delivered pitches with a recognized type label. Pitch labels can be revised later. Missing labels are never guessed. Formula: 100 × pitches with a recognized type ÷ all delivered pitches.

Derek Law, pitching by season: slider (SL)Regular season, oldest first
Season	Team	SL pitches	SL %	SL mph	SL max mph	SL rpm	SL ext ft	SL side in	SL vert in	SL no-grav in	SL whiff%	SL swings	SL speed count	SL spin count	SL ext count	SL side count	SL vert count	SL no-grav count	Type coverage
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	76	29.7%	84.6	88.3	2237	6.0	-4.3	-41.1	-2.4	50.0%	34	76	60	76	76	76	76	100.0%
2019TOR	TORToronto	364	30.5%	84.7	90.0	2245	6.1	-4.5	-41.8	-3.3	43.0%	179	364	317	364	364	364	364	99.9%
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	163	55.8%	86.5	92.9	2302	6.5	-3.7	-36.3	0.2	42.5%	87	163	163	163	163	163	163	100.0%
2022All	All teams	39	11.1%	85.5	88.4	2320	6.6	-3.0	-40.1	-2.9	30.0%	20	39	39	39	39	39	39	100.0%
2022DET	DETDetroit	3	5.5%	85.5	87.4	2302	6.5	-3.1	-38.1	-0.8	N/A	0	3	3	3	3	3	3	100.0%
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	36	12.1%	85.5	88.4	2322	6.6	-3.0	-40.3	-3.0	30.0%	20	36	36	36	36	36	36	100.0%
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	174	18.1%	86.7	91.9	2337	6.5	-3.6	-37.1	-0.9	37.1%	89	174	174	174	174	174	174	100.0%
2024WSH	WSHWashington	414	30.3%	87.3	91.3	2294	6.5	-3.1	-35.2	0.6	40.9%	235	414	413	414	414	414	414	100.0%
2026AZ	AZArizona	44	28.4%	85.6	88.6	2223	6.5	-3.3	-36.1	1.2	23.5%	17	44	44	43	44	44	44	100.0%

SL pitches: Slider pitches. Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label.
SL %: Slider usage. The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches.
SL mph: Slider average speed. Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements.
SL max mph: Slider fastest recorded pitch. Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured.
SL rpm: Slider average spin. How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements.
SL ext ft: Slider average extension. How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements.
SL side in: Slider average sideways movement. Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured.
SL vert in: Slider average vertical movement with gravity. Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement.
SL no-grav in: Slider average vertical movement without gravity. Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement.
SL whiff%: Slider misses per swing. The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type.
SL swings: Slider swings. Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts.
SL speed count: Slider pitches with speed. Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed.
SL spin count: Slider pitches with spin. Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin.
SL ext count: Slider pitches with extension. Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension.
SL side count: Slider pitches with sideways movement. Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
SL vert count: Slider pitches with vertical movement. Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
SL no-grav count: Slider pitches with vertical movement without gravity. Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
Type coverage: Pitch Type Coverage. The percentage of delivered pitches with a recognized type label. Pitch labels can be revised later. Missing labels are never guessed. Formula: 100 × pitches with a recognized type ÷ all delivered pitches.

Derek Law, pitching by season: curveball (CU)Regular season, oldest first
Season	Team	CU pitches	CU %	CU mph	CU max mph	CU rpm	CU ext ft	CU side in	CU vert in	CU no-grav in	CU whiff%	CU swings	CU speed count	CU spin count	CU ext count	CU side count	CU vert count	CU no-grav count	Type coverage
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	34	13.3%	76.6	79.9	2063	6.0	-3.6	-57.0	-9.8	44.4%	9	34	34	34	34	34	34	100.0%
2019TOR	TORToronto	237	19.8%	76.8	80.5	2045	6.0	-3.6	-57.4	-10.3	32.8%	64	237	237	237	237	237	237	99.9%
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	29	9.9%	74.8	79.0	2051	6.5	-1.5	-59.9	-10.9	50.0%	6	29	29	29	29	29	29	100.0%
2022All	All teams	44	12.5%	77.0	81.6	2150	6.6	-1.8	-55.4	-9.2	40.0%	10	44	44	44	44	44	44	100.0%
2022DET	DETDetroit	6	10.9%	80.2	81.4	2262	6.6	-0.4	-50.1	-7.9	75.0%	4	6	6	6	6	6	6	100.0%
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	38	12.8%	76.5	81.6	2133	6.6	-2.0	-56.2	-9.4	16.7%	6	38	38	38	38	38	38	100.0%
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	100	10.4%	78.8	83.1	2203	6.6	-1.0	-51.1	-7.2	28.9%	38	100	100	100	100	100	100	100.0%
2024WSH	WSHWashington	49	3.6%	77.9	81.1	2137	6.5	-0.8	-52.8	-7.9	0.0%	7	49	48	49	49	49	49	100.0%
2026AZ	AZArizona	1	0.6%	76.9	76.9	2281	6.6	-3.7	-57.1	-11.2	N/A	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	100.0%

CU pitches: Curveball pitches. Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label.
CU %: Curveball usage. The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches.
CU mph: Curveball average speed. Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements.
CU max mph: Curveball fastest recorded pitch. Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured.
CU rpm: Curveball average spin. How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements.
CU ext ft: Curveball average extension. How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements.
CU side in: Curveball average sideways movement. Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured.
CU vert in: Curveball average vertical movement with gravity. Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement.
CU no-grav in: Curveball average vertical movement without gravity. Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement.
CU whiff%: Curveball misses per swing. The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type.
CU swings: Curveball swings. Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts.
CU speed count: Curveball pitches with speed. Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed.
CU spin count: Curveball pitches with spin. Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin.
CU ext count: Curveball pitches with extension. Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension.
CU side count: Curveball pitches with sideways movement. Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
CU vert count: Curveball pitches with vertical movement. Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
CU no-grav count: Curveball pitches with vertical movement without gravity. Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
Type coverage: Pitch Type Coverage. The percentage of delivered pitches with a recognized type label. Pitch labels can be revised later. Missing labels are never guessed. Formula: 100 × pitches with a recognized type ÷ all delivered pitches.

Derek Law, pitching by season: changeup (CH)Regular season, oldest first
Season	Team	CH pitches	CH %	CH mph	CH max mph	CH rpm	CH ext ft	CH side in	CH vert in	CH no-grav in	CH whiff%	CH swings	CH speed count	CH spin count	CH ext count	CH side count	CH vert count	CH no-grav count	Type coverage
2018SF	SFSan Francisco	14	5.5%	83.8	87.5	1950	6.5	15.2	-30.6	8.3	60.0%	5	14	14	14	14	14	14	100.0%
2019TOR	TORToronto	154	12.9%	85.8	90.3	2014	6.6	14.6	-26.8	10.0	39.5%	81	154	154	154	154	154	154	99.9%
2021MIN	MINMinnesota	11	3.8%	86.1	88.2	1862	6.6	15.6	-27.6	9.5	0.0%	5	11	11	11	11	11	11	100.0%
2022All	All teams	10	2.8%	87.9	90.4	1727	6.6	13.6	-28.4	7.1	0.0%	5	10	10	10	10	10	10	100.0%
2022DET	DETDetroit	1	1.8%	89.8	89.8	2023	6.6	15.2	-25.3	8.5	0.0%	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	100.0%
2022CIN	CINCincinnati	9	3.0%	87.7	90.4	1694	6.6	13.4	-28.8	6.9	0.0%	4	9	9	9	9	9	9	100.0%
2023CIN	CINCincinnati	46	4.8%	88.7	91.3	1931	6.6	14.4	-27.0	7.8	22.7%	22	46	46	46	46	46	46	100.0%
2024WSH	WSHWashington	70	5.1%	88.0	92.0	1829	6.5	15.2	-28.3	7.0	22.2%	36	70	69	70	70	70	70	100.0%
2026AZ	AZArizona	13	8.4%	84.4	87.6	1826	6.4	15.5	-31.0	7.7	14.3%	7	13	13	13	13	13	13	100.0%

CH pitches: Changeup pitches. Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label.
CH %: Changeup usage. The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches.
CH mph: Changeup average speed. Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements.
CH max mph: Changeup fastest recorded pitch. Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured.
CH rpm: Changeup average spin. How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements.
CH ext ft: Changeup average extension. How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements.
CH side in: Changeup average sideways movement. Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured.
CH vert in: Changeup average vertical movement with gravity. Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement.
CH no-grav in: Changeup average vertical movement without gravity. Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement.
CH whiff%: Changeup misses per swing. The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type.
CH swings: Changeup swings. Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts.
CH speed count: Changeup pitches with speed. Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed.
CH spin count: Changeup pitches with spin. Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin.
CH ext count: Changeup pitches with extension. Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension.
CH side count: Changeup pitches with sideways movement. Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
CH vert count: Changeup pitches with vertical movement. Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
CH no-grav count: Changeup pitches with vertical movement without gravity. Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included.
Type coverage: Pitch Type Coverage. The percentage of delivered pitches with a recognized type label. Pitch labels can be revised later. Missing labels are never guessed. Formula: 100 × pitches with a recognized type ÷ all delivered pitches.

Last 5 games

Derek Law, pitching in the last 5 gamesNewest first
Date	Game	Result	IP	H	BB	SO
Sep 12	vs TEXvs Texas Rangers	L 2-6	1.2	3	1	2
Sep 9	@ KC@ Kansas City Royals	L 2-5	0.2	0	0	0
Sep 7	@ KC@ Kansas City Royals	W 5-4	2.0	1	0	0
Sep 4	@ HOU@ Houston Astros	L 1-3	1.0	0	0	0
Sep 2	vs PHIvs Philadelphia Phillies	W 1-0	1.1	1	0	2

Bio

Full name: Derek Robert Law
Position: Pitcher (P)
Bats / Throws: R / R
Height / Weight: 6' 3", 225 lb
Number: 38
Born: Sep 14, 1990, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
Age: 36
MLB debut: Apr 15, 2016
Draft: 2011 draft, round 9, pick 297, San Francisco Giants
School: Miama Dade CC

Trade & Transaction History

2 recorded moves.

Sep 18, 2026

OutrightedTrade

Arizona Diamondbacks sent RHP Derek Law outright to Reno Aces.

From Arizona DiamondbacksTo Reno Aces

Aug 29, 2026

SelectedTrade

Arizona Diamondbacks selected the contract of RHP Derek Law from Reno Aces.

From Reno AcesTo Arizona Diamondbacks