MLB stats downloads & data dictionary

Hits on which the batter reaches home and scores without a fielding error.

Runs batted in: runs credited to a batter's plate appearance, subject to official scoring rules.

Times a batter reaches base on a fair ball without an error or fielder's choice.

Times a player crosses home plate to score a run.

Bases gained by a runner that the scorer credits as stolen bases.

Hits per at-bat. Walks, hit-by-pitches and sacrifice flies are excluded from at-bats.

Formula: H ÷ AB

On-base percentage plus slugging percentage, combining reaching base with total bases per at-bat.

Formula: OBP + SLG

Completed turns at the plate, including at-bats, walks, hit-by-pitches and sacrifices.

Batting opportunities counted in batting average; excludes walks, hit-by-pitches and sacrifices.

Games in the player's batting record. A game with several plate appearances counts once.

How often a batter reaches base by a hit, walk or hit-by-pitch, using the standard on-base denominator.

Formula: (H + BB + HBP) ÷ (AB + BB + HBP + SF)

Total bases per at-bat: singles count once, doubles twice, triples three times and home runs four times.

Formula: TB ÷ AB

Walks drawn by a batter, including intentional walks.

Plate appearances that end with the batter striking out. This table ranks the most strikeouts.

Bases credited from hits only; walks and stolen bases do not count.

Formula: 1B + 2 × 2B + 3 × 3B + 4 × HR

Hits on which the batter reaches second base without an error.

Hits on which the batter reaches third base without an error.

Plate appearances in which a batter is awarded first base after being hit by a pitch.

Times a runner is put out attempting a stolen base. This table ranks the most times caught.

Hits on which the batter reaches first base, excluding doubles, triples and home runs.

Formula: H − 2B − 3B − HR

Extra bases per at-bat, separating extra-base power from batting average.

Formula: (2B + 2 × 3B + 3 × HR) ÷ AB

Hits on balls in play, excluding home runs. Contact quality, speed and defense all affect BABIP.

Formula: (H − HR) ÷ (AB − SO − HR + SF)

The percentage of plate appearances ending in a strikeout. Lower rates mean fewer strikeouts per opportunity.

Formula: 100 × SO ÷ PA

The percentage of plate appearances ending in a walk, including intentional walks.

Formula: 100 × BB ÷ PA

Values each batting outcome by its contribution to scoring, using the matching season's run weights. Intentional walks are excluded.

Formula: Weighted sum of unintentional BB, HBP, 1B, 2B, 3B and HR ÷ (AB + BB − IBB + SF + HBP)

Batting runs above or below league average at the same number of plate appearances. Negative values are below average. This measure is not adjusted for ballpark.

Formula: (wOBA − league wOBA) ÷ wOBA scale × PA

Estimated batting runs created from wOBA and plate appearances, using the matching season's league scoring environment. This is not park-adjusted wRC+.

Formula: [(wOBA − league wOBA) ÷ wOBA scale + league runs per PA] × PA

Completed turns to bat that ended with a batted ball, including home runs. Some balls have no speed or angle measurement. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

All batted balls with a usable speed measurement, including bunts. This is the sample used for hard-hit percentage. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

All batted balls with a usable angle measurement, including bunts. This is the sample used for sweet-spot percentage. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Balls with recorded speed, excluding labelled bunts. Used for average and maximum exit velocity. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Balls with recorded angle, excluding labelled bunts. Used for average launch angle. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Average ball speed just after contact, in miles per hour. Balls with no speed measurement are left out. Balls labelled as bunts are excluded. Unknown bunt labels are retained. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds excluding labelled bunts ÷ Avg EV balls

The fastest recorded batted ball, in miles per hour. Balls labelled as bunts are excluded. Unknown bunt labels are retained. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Batted balls with a recorded speed of at least 95 miles per hour. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

The percentage of speed-measured balls hit at least 95 miles per hour. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Formula: 100 × hard-hit balls ÷ balls with recorded speed

Average angle at which the ball leaves the bat, in degrees. A negative angle points toward the ground. Higher is not always better. Balls labelled as bunts are excluded. Unknown bunt labels are retained. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Formula: Sum of recorded angles excluding labelled bunts ÷ Avg LA balls

Batted balls with a recorded launch angle from 8 to 32 degrees, including both ends. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

The percentage of angle-measured balls launched from 8 to 32 degrees. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Formula: 100 × sweet-spot balls ÷ balls with recorded angle

Balls that have both a usable speed and angle measurement. These are the balls used to calculate barrel percentage. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Balls hit very hard at an angle suited to deep hits. MLBDB checks the recorded speed and angle against its documented barrel zone. Balls missing either measurement are left out. Rounded measurements can affect close calls. This is MLBDB's calculated classification. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

The percentage of balls with both speed and angle recorded that MLBDB counts as barrels. Missing measurements are left out. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Formula: 100 × barrels ÷ balls with recorded speed and angle

Balls recorded as ground balls, line drives, fly balls, popups or bunts. GB, LD, FB, PU and Bunts add up to this total. Speed and angle measurements are not required. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Batted balls whose type was missing or not recognized. These stay in the total and are never guessed. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

The percentage of all batted balls with a recorded type. A rounded 100% can still include a missing type; check Missing types. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: 100 × balls with a recorded type ÷ all batted balls

Balls recorded as ground balls. Bunts along the ground count as bunts, not here. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Balls recorded as line drives. Line-drive bunts count as bunts, not here. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Balls recorded as fly balls. Popups are counted separately, not here. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Balls recorded as popups. Bunt popups count as bunts, not here. This describes the ball's type, not an umpire's infield-fly call. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Balls recorded as bunts, whether on the ground, in the air or popped up. Sacrifice bunts count when a bunt type is recorded. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Fly balls and popups together, not counting bunts. Popup/FB% and HR/FB divide by this number. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Line drives, fly balls and popups together, not counting bunts. GB/FB divides by this number. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

All home runs in these completed game records, including those hit on line drives or ground balls. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

The share of balls with a recorded type that were ground balls. Bunts are not ground balls here, but they stay in the total. Rates show N/A if any ball's type is missing or the number being divided by is zero. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: 100 × ground balls ÷ balls with a recorded type

The share of balls with a recorded type that were line drives, not counting line-drive bunts. Rates show N/A if any ball's type is missing or the number being divided by is zero. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: 100 × line drives ÷ balls with a recorded type

The share of balls with a recorded type that were fly balls. Popups and bunts are not fly balls here, so GB%, LD% and FB% add up to less than 100%. Rates show N/A if any ball's type is missing or the number being divided by is zero. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: 100 × fly balls ÷ balls with a recorded type

Popups as a share of fly balls and popups together, not counting bunt popups. MLBDB uses the recorded popup label; it does not use the fielder's position or an umpire's call. Rates show N/A if any ball's type is missing or the number being divided by is zero. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: 100 × popups ÷ (fly balls + popups)

All home runs divided by fly balls and popups together, not counting bunt popups. Home runs on line drives or ground balls still count, so this ratio can exceed 100%. Rates show N/A if any ball's type is missing or the number being divided by is zero. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: 100 × home runs in checked games ÷ (fly balls + popups)

Ground balls divided by line drives, fly balls and popups together. Line drives and popups count on the fly-ball side, and bunts are in neither part. A value of 2 means two ground balls for each ball in the air. Rates show N/A if any ball's type is missing or the number being divided by is zero. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: Ground balls ÷ (line drives + fly balls + popups)

Balls whose recorded location and batting hand support an estimate of pull, center or opposite-field direction. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Balls with missing details, unusable coordinates or locations outside the field area used for these estimates. They are excluded from direction percentages. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

The share of all balls that can be mapped. A rounded 95% can be slightly below the cutoff; the cutoff uses the original counts. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Formula: 100 × located balls ÷ all batted balls

Balls estimated toward the pull side: left field for right-handed hitters, or right field for left-handed hitters. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Balls estimated toward center field, regardless of batting hand. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Balls estimated toward the opposite side: right field for right-handed hitters, or left field for left-handed hitters. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

The share of located balls hit toward the batter's pull side. Uses located balls only. N/A when fewer than 95% of all balls can be mapped. These are chart-based estimates. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Formula: 100 × pulled balls ÷ located balls

The share of located balls estimated toward center field. Uses located balls only. N/A when fewer than 95% of all balls can be mapped. These are chart-based estimates. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Formula: 100 × center-field balls ÷ located balls

The share of located balls hit toward the side opposite the batter's pull side. Uses located balls only. N/A when fewer than 95% of all balls can be mapped. These are chart-based estimates. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Formula: 100 × opposite-field balls ÷ located balls

Pitches actually thrown to the batter in these completed games. Automatic balls and strikes are excluded. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Delivered pitches whose result is missing, conflicting or not recognized. They are never guessed. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Attempts to hit a delivered pitch, including bunts. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Swings recorded as misses, including caught foul tips and missed bunt attempts. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Swings or bunt attempts that touch the ball, including ordinary fouls. Caught foul tips are excluded. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Delivered pitches called strikes while the batter takes the pitch. Automatic strikes are excluded. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Delivered pitches that can be classified inside or outside the strike zone. An umpire call is not used to guess location. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Delivered pitches with insufficient location details. These stay out of zone percentages. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Delivered pitches classified inside the strike zone. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Delivered pitches classified outside the strike zone. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Swings at pitches classified inside the strike zone. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Swings at pitches classified outside the strike zone. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Swings that touch a pitch inside the zone, including fouls and bunts. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Swings that touch a pitch outside the zone, including fouls and bunts. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

The first pitch actually thrown during each turn at bat. Turns with no delivered pitch are excluded, including automatic intentional walks. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

First delivered pitches that are called strikes, missed, fouled or put in play. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

First delivered pitches whose result cannot be classified. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

The share of delivered pitches with a clear recorded result. Unknown results make affected rates unavailable. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

The share of delivered pitches with a usable location. Zone rates need at least 95% coverage, checked before rounding. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

How often the batter swings at a delivered pitch. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × swings ÷ delivered pitches

How often a swing is recorded as a miss, including caught foul tips. This divides whiffs by swings. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × swings and misses ÷ swings

How often a delivered pitch produces a whiff, including caught foul tips. This divides whiffs by pitches, not swings. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × swings and misses ÷ delivered pitches

How often a swing touches the ball, including ordinary fouls and bunt attempts. Caught foul tips are excluded. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × swings with contact ÷ swings

How often a delivered pitch is called a strike without a swing. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × called strikes ÷ delivered pitches

How often a delivered pitch is either a called strike or a swing and miss. Ordinary fouls are excluded; caught foul tips count as whiffs. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × called strikes plus misses ÷ delivered pitches

The share of pitches with usable locations that are inside the strike zone. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Formula: 100 × pitches inside the zone ÷ pitches with usable locations

How often the batter swings at a pitch outside the strike zone. Also called O-Swing%. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Formula: 100 × swings outside the zone ÷ pitches outside the zone

How often the batter swings at a pitch inside the strike zone. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Formula: 100 × swings inside the zone ÷ pitches inside the zone

How often a swing at a pitch inside the strike zone touches the ball. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Formula: 100 × contact inside the zone ÷ swings inside the zone

How often a swing at a pitch outside the strike zone touches the ball. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Formula: 100 × contact outside the zone ÷ swings outside the zone

The share of first delivered pitches that are strikes or put in play. Turns with no delivered pitch are excluded. Unfinished turns that had a pitch are included. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × first-pitch strikes ÷ first delivered pitches

Estimated hits per at-bat from ball speed, angle and same-season running speed when available. Strikeouts remain at-bats. Each needed contact contribution must be available. Reviewed seasons are 2018 through 2026; the current season is provisional. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Formula: Estimated hits in at-bats ÷ at-bats

Estimated bases from hits per at-bat. Singles count once, doubles twice, triples three times and home runs four times. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Formula: Estimated total bases in at-bats ÷ at-bats

Combines reconstructed expected contact values with recorded walks and hit-by-pitches. Walks and hit batters use the same season's batting weights. Intentional walks are excluded. Every needed contact value must be available. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Recorded batting average minus the estimate, using the same completed games. A positive number means the actual result was higher. This does not measure luck alone. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Recorded slugging minus the estimate, using the same completed games. A positive number means more bases were recorded than estimated. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Recorded weighted batting average minus the estimate, using the same completed games and batting weights. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

The share of eligible batted balls with both speed and angle recorded. Each expected statistic shows N/A if any contact value it needs is missing or outside model support. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Eligible batted balls with both speed and angle recorded. Defensive awards that do not count as at-bats are excluded. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Eligible balls missing speed, angle or both. These inputs are not filled in. The affected expected statistic is N/A, and the real appearance remains counted. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Eligible balls with speed and angle but outside the reviewed formula's supported range. Any expected statistic needing that contact value shows N/A. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Batters struck out by the pitcher.

Wins awarded to a pitcher by the official scorer.

Games a relief pitcher finishes with a lead while meeting the official save requirements.

Earned runs allowed per nine innings pitched. Lower ERA means fewer earned runs per inning.

Formula: 27 × ER ÷ outs recorded

Walks plus hits allowed per inning pitched. Hit-by-pitches are not included.

Formula: 3 × (BB + H) ÷ outs recorded

Pitching workload recorded in outs. An ending of .1 means one out and .2 means two outs, not decimal fractions.

Games in which the pitcher throws the first pitch for their team.

Games in which the player appears as a pitcher, whether starting or in relief.

Plate appearances against the pitcher; the workload denominator for pitching K% and BB%.

Relief appearances credited with preserving a lead in a save situation without finishing the game.

Combined saves and holds, a category used by fantasy leagues to value closers and setup relievers.

Formula: SV + HLD

Starts with at least six innings pitched and no more than three earned runs allowed. Missing game coverage is unavailable, not zero.

Formula: Count of starts with at least 18 outs and at most 3 ER

The percentage of a pitcher's starts that qualify as quality starts. Read this alongside the number of starts.

Formula: 100 × QS ÷ GS

Losses charged to a pitcher by the official scorer. This table ranks the most losses.

Runs charged to a pitcher without the benefit of errors or passed balls, according to official scoring.

Hits conceded by the pitcher.

Walks conceded by the pitcher, including intentional walks.

Home runs conceded by the pitcher.

Strikeouts per nine innings pitched. Unlike K%, the denominator is innings rather than batters faced.

Formula: 27 × SO ÷ outs recorded

Walks allowed per nine innings pitched, including intentional walks.

Formula: 27 × BB ÷ outs recorded

Home runs allowed per nine innings pitched.

Formula: 27 × HR ÷ outs recorded

Hits allowed per nine innings pitched.

Formula: 27 × H ÷ outs recorded

Strikeouts for every walk allowed. With no walks the ratio is undefined and shown as unavailable.

Formula: SO ÷ BB

The percentage of batters faced who strike out.

Formula: 100 × SO ÷ BF

The percentage of batters faced who walk, including intentional walks.

Formula: 100 × BB ÷ BF

Strikeout percentage minus walk percentage, expressed as percentage points. It compares strikeouts with walks at the same workload.

Formula: 100 × (SO − BB) ÷ BF

Hits allowed on balls in play, excluding home runs. Defense and contact quality affect this measure; it does not isolate a pitcher's skill.

Formula: (H − HR) ÷ (AB − SO − HR + SF)

Estimates pitching performance from home runs, walks, hit batters and strikeouts on an ERA-like scale. Uses the matching season's constant, includes intentional walks and can be negative in a small sample.

Formula: [13 × HR + 3 × (BB + HBP) − 2 × SO] ÷ IP + season FIP constant

Save opportunities in which the pitcher gives up the tying run. This table ranks the most blown saves.

Recorded opportunities for a pitcher to earn a save.

Starts in which the pitcher pitches the entire game for their team.

Complete games in which the pitcher allows no runs.

Completed turns to bat that ended with a batted ball, including home runs. Some balls have no speed or angle measurement. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

All batted balls with a usable speed measurement, including bunts. This is the sample used for hard-hit percentage. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

All batted balls with a usable angle measurement, including bunts. This is the sample used for sweet-spot percentage. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Balls with recorded speed, excluding labelled bunts. Used for average and maximum exit velocity. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Balls with recorded angle, excluding labelled bunts. Used for average launch angle. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Average ball speed just after contact, in miles per hour. Balls with no speed measurement are left out. Balls labelled as bunts are excluded. Unknown bunt labels are retained. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds excluding labelled bunts ÷ Avg EV balls

The fastest recorded batted ball, in miles per hour. Balls labelled as bunts are excluded. Unknown bunt labels are retained. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Batted balls with a recorded speed of at least 95 miles per hour. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

The percentage of speed-measured balls hit at least 95 miles per hour. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Formula: 100 × hard-hit balls ÷ balls with recorded speed

Average angle at which the ball leaves the bat, in degrees. A negative angle points toward the ground. Higher is not always better. Balls labelled as bunts are excluded. Unknown bunt labels are retained. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Formula: Sum of recorded angles excluding labelled bunts ÷ Avg LA balls

Batted balls with a recorded launch angle from 8 to 32 degrees, including both ends. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

The percentage of angle-measured balls launched from 8 to 32 degrees. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Formula: 100 × sweet-spot balls ÷ balls with recorded angle

Balls that have both a usable speed and angle measurement. These are the balls used to calculate barrel percentage. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Balls hit very hard at an angle suited to deep hits. MLBDB checks the recorded speed and angle against its documented barrel zone. Balls missing either measurement are left out. Rounded measurements can affect close calls. This is MLBDB's calculated classification. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

The percentage of balls with both speed and angle recorded that MLBDB counts as barrels. Missing measurements are left out. For pitchers, this measures contact by opposing hitters. Calculated by MLBDB from recorded game measurements.

Formula: 100 × barrels ÷ balls with recorded speed and angle

Balls recorded as ground balls, line drives, fly balls, popups or bunts. GB, LD, FB, PU and Bunts add up to this total. Speed and angle measurements are not required. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Batted balls whose type was missing or not recognized. These stay in the total and are never guessed. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

The percentage of all batted balls with a recorded type. A rounded 100% can still include a missing type; check Missing types. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: 100 × balls with a recorded type ÷ all batted balls

Balls recorded as ground balls. Bunts along the ground count as bunts, not here. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Balls recorded as line drives. Line-drive bunts count as bunts, not here. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Balls recorded as fly balls. Popups are counted separately, not here. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Balls recorded as popups. Bunt popups count as bunts, not here. This describes the ball's type, not an umpire's infield-fly call. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Balls recorded as bunts, whether on the ground, in the air or popped up. Sacrifice bunts count when a bunt type is recorded. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Fly balls and popups together, not counting bunts. Popup/FB% and HR/FB divide by this number. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Line drives, fly balls and popups together, not counting bunts. GB/FB divides by this number. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

All home runs in these completed game records, including those hit on line drives or ground balls. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

The share of balls with a recorded type that were ground balls. Bunts are not ground balls here, but they stay in the total. Rates show N/A if any ball's type is missing or the number being divided by is zero. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: 100 × ground balls ÷ balls with a recorded type

The share of balls with a recorded type that were line drives, not counting line-drive bunts. Rates show N/A if any ball's type is missing or the number being divided by is zero. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: 100 × line drives ÷ balls with a recorded type

The share of balls with a recorded type that were fly balls. Popups and bunts are not fly balls here, so GB%, LD% and FB% add up to less than 100%. Rates show N/A if any ball's type is missing or the number being divided by is zero. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: 100 × fly balls ÷ balls with a recorded type

Popups as a share of fly balls and popups together, not counting bunt popups. MLBDB uses the recorded popup label; it does not use the fielder's position or an umpire's call. Rates show N/A if any ball's type is missing or the number being divided by is zero. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: 100 × popups ÷ (fly balls + popups)

All home runs divided by fly balls and popups together, not counting bunt popups. Home runs on line drives or ground balls still count, so this ratio can exceed 100%. Rates show N/A if any ball's type is missing or the number being divided by is zero. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: 100 × home runs in checked games ÷ (fly balls + popups)

Ground balls divided by line drives, fly balls and popups together. Line drives and popups count on the fly-ball side, and bunts are in neither part. A value of 2 means two ground balls for each ball in the air. Rates show N/A if any ball's type is missing or the number being divided by is zero. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB counts the ball types recorded in completed games, including hits, outs, home runs and bunts.

Formula: Ground balls ÷ (line drives + fly balls + popups)

Balls whose recorded location and batting hand support an estimate of pull, center or opposite-field direction. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Balls with missing details, unusable coordinates or locations outside the field area used for these estimates. They are excluded from direction percentages. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

The share of all balls that can be mapped. A rounded 95% can be slightly below the cutoff; the cutoff uses the original counts. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Formula: 100 × located balls ÷ all batted balls

Balls estimated toward the pull side: left field for right-handed hitters, or right field for left-handed hitters. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Balls estimated toward center field, regardless of batting hand. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Balls estimated toward the opposite side: right field for right-handed hitters, or left field for left-handed hitters. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

The share of located balls hit toward the batter's pull side. Uses located balls only. N/A when fewer than 95% of all balls can be mapped. These are chart-based estimates. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Formula: 100 × pulled balls ÷ located balls

The share of located balls estimated toward center field. Uses located balls only. N/A when fewer than 95% of all balls can be mapped. These are chart-based estimates. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Formula: 100 × center-field balls ÷ located balls

The share of located balls hit toward the side opposite the batter's pull side. Uses located balls only. N/A when fewer than 95% of all balls can be mapped. These are chart-based estimates. For pitchers, these are balls hit against them. MLBDB estimates direction from recorded hit locations and the hand used to bat on that play.

Formula: 100 × opposite-field balls ÷ located balls

Pitches actually thrown to the batter in these completed games. Automatic balls and strikes are excluded. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Delivered pitches whose result is missing, conflicting or not recognized. They are never guessed. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Attempts to hit a delivered pitch, including bunts. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Swings recorded as misses, including caught foul tips and missed bunt attempts. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Swings or bunt attempts that touch the ball, including ordinary fouls. Caught foul tips are excluded. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Delivered pitches called strikes while the batter takes the pitch. Automatic strikes are excluded. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Delivered pitches that can be classified inside or outside the strike zone. An umpire call is not used to guess location. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Delivered pitches with insufficient location details. These stay out of zone percentages. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Delivered pitches classified inside the strike zone. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Delivered pitches classified outside the strike zone. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Swings at pitches classified inside the strike zone. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Swings at pitches classified outside the strike zone. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Swings that touch a pitch inside the zone, including fouls and bunts. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Swings that touch a pitch outside the zone, including fouls and bunts. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

The first pitch actually thrown during each turn at bat. Turns with no delivered pitch are excluded, including automatic intentional walks. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

First delivered pitches that are called strikes, missed, fouled or put in play. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

First delivered pitches whose result cannot be classified. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

The share of delivered pitches with a clear recorded result. Unknown results make affected rates unavailable. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

The share of delivered pitches with a usable location. Zone rates need at least 95% coverage, checked before rounding. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

How often the batter swings at a delivered pitch. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × swings ÷ delivered pitches

How often a swing is recorded as a miss, including caught foul tips. This divides whiffs by swings. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × swings and misses ÷ swings

How often a delivered pitch produces a whiff, including caught foul tips. This divides whiffs by pitches, not swings. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × swings and misses ÷ delivered pitches

How often a swing touches the ball, including ordinary fouls and bunt attempts. Caught foul tips are excluded. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × swings with contact ÷ swings

How often a delivered pitch is called a strike without a swing. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × called strikes ÷ delivered pitches

How often a delivered pitch is either a called strike or a swing and miss. Ordinary fouls are excluded; caught foul tips count as whiffs. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × called strikes plus misses ÷ delivered pitches

The share of pitches with usable locations that are inside the strike zone. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Formula: 100 × pitches inside the zone ÷ pitches with usable locations

How often the batter swings at a pitch outside the strike zone. Also called O-Swing%. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Formula: 100 × swings outside the zone ÷ pitches outside the zone

How often the batter swings at a pitch inside the strike zone. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Formula: 100 × swings inside the zone ÷ pitches inside the zone

How often a swing at a pitch inside the strike zone touches the ball. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Formula: 100 × contact inside the zone ÷ swings inside the zone

How often a swing at a pitch outside the strike zone touches the ball. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage. For 2018 through 2024, MLBDB estimates pitch locations inside or outside the zone using recorded coordinates and batter zone heights. From 2025, MLB's recorded zone labels are used. These locations do not describe the umpire's call.

Formula: 100 × contact outside the zone ÷ swings outside the zone

The share of first delivered pitches that are strikes or put in play. Turns with no delivered pitch are excluded. Unfinished turns that had a pitch are included. These describe hitters facing this pitcher. MLBDB counts delivered pitches, including bunts. Missing results show N/A; zone rates require at least 95% location coverage.

Formula: 100 × first-pitch strikes ÷ first delivered pitches

All pitches actually thrown in the checked games. Automatic balls, automatic strikes and pickoff throws are excluded.

Pitches without a recognized type label. They remain in the total used for pitch usage percentages.

The percentage of delivered pitches with a recognized type label. Pitch labels can be revised later. Missing labels are never guessed.

Formula: 100 × pitches with a recognized type ÷ all delivered pitches

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as four-seam fastball.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as sinker.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as cutter.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as slider.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as sweeper.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as curveball.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as changeup.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as splitter.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as knuckle curve.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as slurve.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as fastball.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as two-seam fastball.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as forkball.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as slow curve.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as knuckleball.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as screwball.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as gyroball.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as eephus.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as intentional ball.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as pitchout.

Number of delivered pitches with this recorded type. Zero means no pitch was recorded with this label. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

The percentage of all delivered pitches recorded as this type. Pitches with unknown types stay in the total. These percentages describe the recorded labels, so check type coverage. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Formula: 100 × pitches of this recorded type ÷ all delivered pitches

Average recorded speed in miles per hour. Only pitches with a usable speed measurement are included. Speed count shows how many were measured. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Formula: Sum of recorded speeds ÷ pitches with speed measurements

Highest recorded speed in miles per hour. This uses available measurements and may miss a faster pitch that was not measured. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

How fast the ball spins, measured in turns per minute. Only measured pitches are included. More spin is not always better. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Formula: Sum of recorded spin rates ÷ pitches with spin measurements

How far toward home plate the pitcher releases the ball, measured in feet from the pitching rubber. Only pitches with this measurement are included. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Formula: Sum of recorded extensions ÷ pitches with extension measurements

Recorded swings at this type of pitch, including bunts. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

The percentage of swings that miss. Caught foul tips count as misses; ordinary fouls count as contact. N/A means no swings or an unclear pitch result. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Formula: 100 × missed swings ÷ swings at this pitch type

Number of pitches with a usable speed measurement. This is the sample behind average speed. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Number of pitches with a usable spin measurement. This is the sample behind average spin. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Number of pitches with a usable release extension measurement. This is the sample behind average extension. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Average sideways bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Positive is to the pitcher's right when looking toward home plate; negative is left. This direction stays the same for left- and right-handed pitchers. Zero is a real measurement. More movement is not automatically better. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Formula: Sum of recorded sideways movement ÷ pitches with sideways movement measured

Average upward or downward bend from the pitch's initial flight direction, in inches. Includes gravity. Positive is upward; negative is downward. This is not the change in height from the pitcher's hand to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement including gravity ÷ pitches with this measurement

Average vertical bend in inches after removing gravity's downward effect. Positive is upward; negative is downward. A positive number does not mean the ball actually rose on its way to the plate. Only measured pitches are included. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Formula: Sum of recorded vertical movement with gravity removed ÷ pitches with this measurement

Number of pitches with sideways movement recorded. This is the sample behind average sideways movement. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Number of pitches with vertical movement including gravity recorded. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Number of pitches with vertical movement recorded after gravity's effect is removed. This is the sample behind that average. Missing measurements are left out; recorded zeroes are included. Uses pitches recorded as unknown pitch type.

Estimated earned runs per nine innings, converted from MLBDB's expected wOBA with a separate equation for each season. Available for 2018 through 2026 when every needed contact contribution is available and unrounded expected wOBA is within the reviewed range. The 2026 equation is provisional. This describes recorded pitching; short periods can be unstable or N/A.

Recorded ERA minus MLBDB's estimate, using the same completed games. A positive number means more earned runs were recorded than estimated. This does not measure luck alone. N/A when no pitching outs were recorded, the estimate is unavailable, or the saved game totals disagree with the latest totals.

Estimated hits per at-bat from ball speed, angle and same-season running speed when available. Strikeouts remain at-bats. Each needed contact contribution must be available. Reviewed seasons are 2018 through 2026; the current season is provisional. For pitchers, these are opponents' results. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Formula: Estimated hits in at-bats ÷ at-bats

Estimated bases from hits per at-bat. Singles count once, doubles twice, triples three times and home runs four times. For pitchers, these are opponents' results. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Formula: Estimated total bases in at-bats ÷ at-bats

Combines reconstructed expected contact values with recorded walks and hit-by-pitches. Walks and hit batters use the same season's batting weights. Intentional walks are excluded. Every needed contact value must be available. For pitchers, these are opponents' results. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Recorded batting average minus the estimate, using the same completed games. A positive number means the actual result was higher. This does not measure luck alone. For pitchers, these are opponents' results. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Recorded slugging minus the estimate, using the same completed games. A positive number means more bases were recorded than estimated. For pitchers, these are opponents' results. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Recorded weighted batting average minus the estimate, using the same completed games and batting weights. For pitchers, these are opponents' results. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

The share of eligible batted balls with both speed and angle recorded. Each expected statistic shows N/A if any contact value it needs is missing or outside model support. For pitchers, these are opponents' results. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Eligible batted balls with both speed and angle recorded. Defensive awards that do not count as at-bats are excluded. For pitchers, these are opponents' results. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Eligible balls missing speed, angle or both. These inputs are not filled in. The affected expected statistic is N/A, and the real appearance remains counted. For pitchers, these are opponents' results. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Eligible balls with speed and angle but outside the reviewed formula's supported range. Any expected statistic needing that contact value shows N/A. For pitchers, these are opponents' results. MLBDB estimates describe recorded contact, not future performance.

Fielding plays credited with helping to record an out.

Outs directly credited to the fielder, such as catches and force-outs.

Double plays in which the fielder participates.

The share of total fielding chances handled without an error. Position and opportunity affect comparisons.

Formula: (PO + A) ÷ (PO + A + E)

Putouts plus assists per nine defensive innings. Compare players at similar positions; this is not a tracking-based defensive measure.

Formula: 27 × (PO + A) ÷ defensive outs

Fielding errors charged by the official scorer. This table ranks the most errors.

Total opportunities recorded as putouts, assists or errors.

Formula: PO + A + E

Defensive innings played. An ending of .1 means one out and .2 means two outs.

Games in the fielding record shown for this period.

The percentage of stolen-base attempts stopped by the defense. Compare catchers and check attempt totals.

Formula: 100 × CS ÷ (SB + CS)

Pitches a catcher is charged with failing to hold or control, allowing a runner to advance.